Suchergebnisse

Changes of directions and volumes of Lithuanian foreign trade during the last fifteen years are analyzed in the article. They are understood as the consequences of Lithuania's integration into the EU, which are provided by economic integration theories. The paper consists of introduction, two parts and conclusions. The first part identifies the changes of Lithuanian foreign trade (trade creation and trade diversion) as part of the whole integration consequences system. On the basis of statistic data the scale and directions of trade creation and diversion caused by particular outline of Lithuania's integration – European Treaty enforcement in 1998 and entering the European Union in 2004 – are revealed in the second part. In both cases certain changes occurred in foreign trade – trade diversion refusing one partner and orienting to others as well as trade revival with particular partners. Those changes are named as the proof of Lithuania's economy as the whole and its subjects (enterprises) ability to react to the changes caused by integration processes, which is disclosed in the conclusions.

Changes of directions and volumes of Lithuanian foreign trade during the last fifteen years are analyzed in the article. They are understood as the consequences of Lithuania's integration into the EU, which are provided by economic integration theories. The paper consists of introduction, two parts and conclusions. The first part identifies the changes of Lithuanian foreign trade (trade creation and trade diversion) as part of the whole integration consequences system. On the basis of statistic data the scale and directions of trade creation and diversion caused by particular outline of Lithuania's integration – European Treaty enforcement in 1998 and entering the European Union in 2004 – are revealed in the second part. In both cases certain changes occurred in foreign trade – trade diversion refusing one partner and orienting to others as well as trade revival with particular partners. Those changes are named as the proof of Lithuania's economy as the whole and its subjects (enterprises) ability to react to the changes caused by integration processes, which is disclosed in the conclusions.

Changes of directions and volumes of Lithuanian foreign trade during the last fifteen years are analyzed in the article. They are understood as the consequences of Lithuania's integration into the EU, which are provided by economic integration theories. The paper consists of introduction, two parts and conclusions. The first part identifies the changes of Lithuanian foreign trade (trade creation and trade diversion) as part of the whole integration consequences system. On the basis of statistic data the scale and directions of trade creation and diversion caused by particular outline of Lithuania's integration – European Treaty enforcement in 1998 and entering the European Union in 2004 – are revealed in the second part. In both cases certain changes occurred in foreign trade – trade diversion refusing one partner and orienting to others as well as trade revival with particular partners. Those changes are named as the proof of Lithuania's economy as the whole and its subjects (enterprises) ability to react to the changes caused by integration processes, which is disclosed in the conclusions.

The goal is to show the role of municipal administration when solving such sore social problems as pupils and students' catering, network of trade and service enterprises, and its dislocation in the country. According to the research made the present situation and possible ways of their solution are analyzed. The investigation data show some improvement in the dislocation of trade, catering, and household service enterprises.The current law of municipal administration does not solve the problem of adjusting the system of trade and service.The government, municipal administrations have to create similar conditions to all inhabitants to purchase goods, to get the service they wish. It means these and some other state institutions have to coordinate the creation of the systems of trade service and service rendering. The experience of European countries shows that the improvement of the above mentioned systems is not left to itself, i. e. to market self-regulation.It is suggested to prepare the conception of trade and service system that would be more detailed in separate programs. The authors agree with F. Tannery that the sphere of service having been highly increased it is necessary to have its development strategy the three dimensions of which - territory expansion, coordination of service activity, and substantiation of service development - are to be taken into account when creating it. The strategies of service development should be of state and local levels as well.Planning of the development of state territory creates the conditions to have equal conditions of living all round the country, to form the policy of the development of residential areas and infrastructure systems, etc. The state leads the coordination strategy determining the priorities of economic activity and making the certain preconditions to carry out such the activity. Town authorities (municipal administration and council) affirm and accomplish the general plan of territory development in which the development of industrial activity, residential areas, recreation zones, etc. are considered. The municipal administration ought to consider the necessity of the development of service infrastructure. To fulfill this one has to use economical and financial possibilities of the market economics. ; Straipsnyje apžvelgiama Lietuvos gyventojų prekybinio aptarnavimo sistemos padėtis, pateikiami Kauno miesto prekybos, maitinimo ir buitinių paslaugų įmonių tinklo penkerių metų tyrimų rezultatai, išryškinantys pereinamojo į rinką laikotarpio šios sistemos funkcionavimo problemas ir patvirtinantys būtinybę koordinuoti jos formavimąsi.

Abstract
The article aims to propose a different approach to assessing smart cities which combines some commonly used indicators with several new ones in line with the concept of sustainability. The aspect of sustainable development as an essential driver for the smart city and the combination of indicators for sustainable and smart city concepts have been analysed fragmentarily so far. There are many different approaches to evaluate the indicators of city smartness; however, very little attention is paid to the analysis of the reciprocal importance of the indicators. Ten indicators representing a smart city were selected that would be keep in line all the three pillars of sustainability—environmental, social, and economic. An expert survey was conducted to assign the weights of indicators using the pairwise comparison approach. The results were processed by utilising the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which reduces the subjectivity in the experts' answers. The presented approach differs from the ones commonly used and while it does not cover a wide range of usual indicators, it proposes some new ideas for further research. Some represent cities to attract young and intelligent citizens, others relate to comfortable and safe living conditions and the environmental situation. The results revealed that the most vital smartness indicators are foreign direct investments, pollutant emission, and the share of people registered as unemployed among the working-age population. These indicators cannot be easily identified as ones representing a smart city, but rather as indicators representing investment and environmental, sustainable aspects. Hence, finding a balance between the indicators related to sustainable and smart city is what highlights the need for further research.

The analysis of differences of social development between urban and rural populations must take into account that in Lithuania the rural population is large, although not as large as urban population. Similar situation is observed in many other EU countries (for example, 66,8 per cent of Swedish population is rural, as is 50.6 per cent Finnish population), but the difference is that majority of Lithuaniani's rural population works in country, while majority of rural population in other EU countries works in towns and cities.[.]

The analysis of differences of social development between urban and rural populations must take into account that in Lithuania the rural population is large, although not as large as urban population. Similar situation is observed in many other EU countries (for example, 66,8 per cent of Swedish population is rural, as is 50.6 per cent Finnish population), but the difference is that majority of Lithuaniani's rural population works in country, while majority of rural population in other EU countries works in towns and cities.[.]

The analysis of differences of social development between urban and rural populations must take into account that in Lithuania the rural population is large, although not as large as urban population. Similar situation is observed in many other EU countries (for example, 66,8 per cent of Swedish population is rural, as is 50.6 per cent Finnish population), but the difference is that majority of Lithuaniani's rural population works in country, while majority of rural population in other EU countries works in towns and cities.[.]

The analysis of differences of social development between urban and rural populations must take into account that in Lithuania the rural population is large, although not as large as urban population. Similar situation is observed in many other EU countries (for example, 66,8 per cent of Swedish population is rural, as is 50.6 per cent Finnish population), but the difference is that majority of Lithuaniani's rural population works in country, while majority of rural population in other EU countries works in towns and cities.[.]